Copper lines are critical infrastructures for fixed network carriers. The construction of ultra-wideband networks using innovative technologies on existing copper lines is being widely accepted by carriers. Although copper lines have been in service for hundreds of years, the application of innovative technologies, such as G.fast and NG-Fast, the copper lines will be able to provide higher and higher bandwidths.
Copper technology will continue with innovation. In addition to vectoring and G.fast, the research on NG-Fast has been started, which will provide a bandwidth of 5–10 Gbit/s over copper lines.
FTTB: indicates fiber to the building. In this scenario, optical fibers are routed from a CO to access devices that locate in buildings, such as in light-current wells or basements. Then, the access devices connect to copper (xDSL) or Cat 5 (LAN) lines that are routed to user homes, implementing service access. FTTB applies to business zones and residential areas with high population densities.
FTTC: indicates fiber to the curb. In this scenario, optical fibers are routed from a CO to access devices that locate at fiber distribution terminals (FDTs) along the curb or in cable distribution compartments/FDTs in residential areas. Then, the access devices connect to copper (xDSL) lines that are routed to user homes, implementing service access. FTTC applies to areas with low population densities.
Area | Demand | Topology | Access Technology | Typical Bandwidth |
High-value area | High-end users impose increasingly strong demands on high bandwidths. |
FTTD FTTdp FTTB |
G.fast Vectoring | 100 Mbit/s to 1 Gbit/s |
Urban area | Requires quick network coverage and reuses existing copper lines. |
FTTB FTTC DSLAM |
VDSL2 Vectoring SuperVector |
30-300 Mbit/s |
Rural area | Requires long-distance network coverage and reuses existing copper lines. |
FTTB FTTC DSLAM |
VDSL2 ADSL2+ |
4-30 Mbit/s |
Usage Scenario | Recommended Solution | General Specifications |
FTTB (LAN+POTS) | F01S50/F01C50+MA5620/MA 5626 | LAN and POTS |
F01S100+MA5620/MA5626 | LAN and POTS | |
F01C100B+MA5620/MA5626 | LAN and POTS | |
FTTB/FTTC (xDSL+POTS) | F01C100B+MA5616 | VDSL2/ADSL2+, vectoring, SuperVector and POTS |
F01S100+MA5616 | VDSL2/ADSL2+, vectoring, SuperVector and POTS | |
F01S200+MA5616 | VDSL2/ADSL2+, vectoring, SuperVector and POTS | |
F01T300/F01S300+MA5616 | VDSL2/ADSL2+, vectoring, SuperVector and POTS | |
F01S50/F01C50/F01C100B+ MA5622A/MA5623A | VDSL2, VDSL2 combo and vectoring | |
MA5611S series (outdoor devices, which do not require a separate cabinet) | VDSL2 and vectoring |
BRAS | broadband remote access server | CCU | cabinet control unit |
DSLAM | digital subscriber line access multiplexer | EOS | end of service |
FTTB | fiber to the building | FTTC | fiber to the curb |
FTTD | fiber to the door | FTTdp | fiber to the distribution point |
FTTH | fiber to the home | GE | gigabit Ethernet |
GIS | geographic information system | HGW | home gateway |
IAD | integrated access device | IMS | information management system |
IPTV | internet protocol television | LAN | local area network |
MDF | main distribution frame | MDU | multi-dwelling unit |
NAC | network analyst center | NAT | network address translation |
NGN | next generation network | OLT | optical line terminal |
ONU | optical network unit | OPEX | operating expense |
PE | provider edge | PON | passive optical network |
POTS | plain old telephone service | STB | set top box |
TCO | total cost of ownership | UPE | underlayer provider edge |
xDSL | x digital subscriber line |